Published onNovember 1, 2026When a CA's Private Key Was Just the Number 4: The eMudhra Incident, Reproduced by Handsecuritytlscertificatescryptographyecdsapkihands-oneMudhra's certificate keys got compromised in October 2026 - and one of them was literally the number 4. I take what I learned writing about TLS and Diffie-Hellman and use it to reproduce the weak key myself, step by step.